An adaptation from the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka.
The four smaller animals at the bottom of the emblem are horse and bull (visible) and lion and elephant (not visible).
Adopted by the Government of India on 26 January 1950.
'Satyameva Jayate' inscribed below has been taken from the Mundaka Upanishad.
National Anthem
'Jana Gana Mana' was first sung at Calcutta session of Indian National Congress in 1911, 27 Dec.
Adopted by the Indian constitution on 24 Jan 1950.
The song was composed originally in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore, the National Anthem is its Hindi version.
The complete song consists of five stanzas. The first stanza contains the full version of the National Anthem.
The playing time for the full version of the song is 52 seconds.
National Song
'Vande Mataram' taken from Bankim Chandra Chatterji’s Anand Math.
First sung at 1896 session of INC.
Its English rendering has been given by Shri Aurobindo.
National Calendar
Based on the Saka Era and adopted on 22 Mar 1957.
Chaitra is the first month of the year whose 1st day falls on 22 March normally and on 21 March in a leap year.
The national calendar also has 365/366 days
Chaitra has 30 days normally and 31 days in a leap year.
National Flag
Design adopted on 22 July 1947.
The ratio of the width of the flag to its length is two to three.
The design of the wheel at the center is taken from the abacus of the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka.
The 'Dharmachakra' (wheel) at the center has 24 spokes.
Display governed by Flag Code of India, 2002.
There shall be no restriction on the display of the National Flag by members of the general public, private organizations, educational institutions, etc.
Other National Symbols
National bird: Peacock (Pavo cristatus)
National fruit: Mango (Magnifera indica)
National flower: Lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera)
National tree: Banyan (Ficus benghalensis)
National animal: Tiger (Panthera tigris)
National aquatic animal: River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica)
