India's population as of Census 2011 was 1,21,05,69,573.
The census moment was 00.00 hours of 1 March 2001.
India's population in 2001 was 1,028 million (532.1 million males and 496.4 million females).
India's population grew by 18,14,55,986 (17.64%) at a rate of 1.64% per annum from 2001 to 2011.
India accounts for 2.4% of the world surface area but supports 17.5% of the world population.
India in relation to other countries
India's growth in population during 2001-11 was slightly lower than that of Brazil.
China's decadal growth rate is 0.53% compared to India's 1.64%.
India is likely to overtake China as the most populous country in the world by 2030.
China, India, and the USA account for 40% of the world population.
India's population is almost equal to the combined population of USA, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Japan.
Population Growth - 1901-2011
India's population in 1901 was 23,83,96,327 and increased to more than four times in 2011.
India's population grew by one and a half times in the first half of the twentieth century and three times in the latter half.
India's population decreased from 25,20,93,390 to 25,13,21,213 during 1911-1921.
India's population in 1951, four years after independence, was 36,10,88,090.
Density of Population
India's population density is 382 persons per square kilometre, which was 325 persons in 2001.
India had a population density of 77 persons per sq. km in 1901.
Gender Composition
India's population has 62,37,34,248 males and 58,64,69,174 females.
The sex ratio is 943 females per 1000 males, which is an improvement from 2001.
India had the highest sex ratio in 1901 (972) and the worst in 1991 (927).
India has a poorer sex ratio than its neighbors such as Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Myanmar, and Bangladesh, but better than China, Afghanistan, and Bhutan.
Literacy
A person aged 7 and above who can read and write with understanding in any language is treated as literate.
The overall literacy rate as per 2011 census is 74.04% (65% in 2001).
The literacy rate for males is 82.14% and for females is 65.46%.
